B2 ReadingArtificial Intelligence - thinking robots
Artificial Intelligence refers to the intelligence of machines. This is in contrast to the natural intelligence of humans and animals. With Artificial Intelligence, machines perform functions such as learning, planning, reasoning and problem-solving. Most noteworthy, Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence by machines. It is probably the fastest-growing development in the World of technology and innovation. Moreover, many experts believe that artificial intelligence could solve serious and critical situations.
Types of Artificial Intelligence
Various types of artificial intelligence are divided into four major groups. These categories are as follows:
Type 1: Reactive machines – These machines can react to situations. The well-known example is Deep Blue, the IBM chess program. The most remarkable thing is that the chess program won against Garry Kasparov, a famous chess legend. The absence of the past memory distinguishes these programs from other, more advanced ones. These machines certainly cannot use past experiences to inform future ones. It analyses all possible alternatives of the present and chooses the best one.
Type 2: Limited Memory – These artificial intelligence systems are able to use past experiences to inform about future events and respond to them. A good example can be self-driving cars. Such cars have decision-making systems. Thanks to observations in the past and the accumulation of experience, the car changes its actions in accordance with the current situation. But such systems do not have a permanent storage of these observations.
Type 3: Theory of artificial mind – This system is supposed to understand others. This means to understand that others have their wishes, beliefs, intentions, desires, and opinions. However, this type of AI does not exist yet.